The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe.The
EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions
and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states.
Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of
the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the
European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and
the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected every five
years by EU citizens.
The
EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
and the European Economic Community (EEC), formed by the Inner Six
countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. In the intervening years, the
community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new
member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit.
The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current
name in 1993.[ The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009.
The
EU has developed a single market through a standardized system of laws
that apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area, passport
controls have been abolished.EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital,enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture,fisheries, and regional development.
The
monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in
2002. It is currently composed of 18 member states that use the euro as
their legal tender. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the
EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union
maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and
represents itself at the United Nations, the WTO, the G8, and the G-20.
With
a combined population of over 500 million inhabitants, or 7.3% of the
world population, the EU in 2012 generated a nominal gross domestic
product (GDP) of 16.584 trillion US dollars, constituting approximately
23% of global nominal GDP and 20% when measured in terms of purchasing
power parity, which is the largest economy by nominal GDP and the second
largest economy by GDP (PPP) in the world. In 2012, the EU was awarded
the Nobel Peace Prize.
